Dog breeding is a process that requires careful preparation and management. Here are the key points to note:

Dog Breeding Process and Considerations

I. Estrus and Mating

Estrus period: Female dogs typically enter estrus in the spring from March to May and in the fall from September to November. Each estrus period lasts for 1 to 2 weeks, with a few young female dogs extending to 3 weeks.

Mating time:
Female dogs start ovulating 2 to 3 days after entering estrus, which is the best time for mating.
Generally, it is advisable to mate during the second estrus cycle to avoid affecting the breeding rate due to incomplete development of the dog's body.
It is recommended to mate twice, with an interval of 24 to 48 hours between the first and second mating to increase the conception rate.
Mating selection: Choose a male dog with purebred, large and robust physique, fast growth, strong disease resistance, and high fertility for mating to obtain excellent puppies.

II. Mating Process

Environment: There should be few people watching during mating, and the environment should be quiet to avoid frightening the female dog. Allow natural mating or assist with artificial help.
After mating: Allow the male and female dogs to rest for 15 to 20 minutes before leaving, and avoid drinking water immediately after mating.

III. Pregnancy and Delivery

Pregnancy determination: Two to three weeks after mating, if the female dog is pregnant, you can see an increase in the size of her breasts and nipples, as well as an increase in appetite.
Expected delivery date: The expected delivery date is approximately 60 days from the date of mating, with an average of 63 days.
Delivery preparation: Prepare for the female dog's delivery, such as disinfecting the whelping box, washing and brushing the female dog's body, and disinfecting the nipples.

IV. Post-Breeding Considerations

Female dog cleaning: Clean the female dog's body dirt with a damp towel, avoiding water washing. Postpartum female dogs may also have lochia, so pad them with pet pads and change them frequently to keep the female dog's body dry and clean.
Environmental management: Provide a quiet environment for the female dog and puppies, avoiding excessive disturbance. Pay attention to keeping the whelping box warm and moisture-proof, especially in winter, provide a special incubator for the puppies.
Nutritional supplementation: Feed the female dog with high-nutrient and easy-to-digest food, supplement calcium, and promote lactation. You can cook fish soup or bone broth for her, and soften the dog food to make it easier for her to digest.
Health management: Regularly deworm the female dog to prevent parasites from being transmitted to the puppies. Also, frequently clean and sterilize the dog's nest, pads, food bowl, water bowl, etc.

V. Other Considerations

Avoid hybrid breeding: Avoid breeding dogs of different breeds, as hybrid dogs can lead to many stray dog issues.
Health check: Pay attention to the female dog's health condition, as only a healthy mother can give birth to healthy puppies.
In summary, dog breeding requires comprehensive consideration of various factors, from estrus, mating, pregnancy, delivery, to post-breeding management. Every step requires careful preparation and scientific management to ensure the health and safety of the female dog and puppies.